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Punto guajiro or ''punto cubano'' – or simply ''punto'' – is a sung genre of Cuban music, a poetic art with music. It emerged in the western and central regions of Cuba in the 17th century,〔Roy, Maya 2002. ''Cuban music''. Princeton & London.〕 and consolidated as a genre in the 18th century.〔() Article about punto cubano〕 Although it has Andalusian origins, it is a true Cuban genre because of its integration with African elements.〔Orovio, Helio 2004. ''Cuban music from A to Z''. p171〕〔Linares, María Teresa 1999. ''El punto cubano''. La Habana.〕 Punto is played by a group with various types of guitar: the Spanish guitar, the Cuban tres, the laúd and the tiple. The ''punto'' refers to the use of a pick (punteando), rather than strumming (rasgueado). There are three percussion instruments: the clave, the güiro and the ''guayo'' (also a scraper, but of metal). Singers form themselves into teams, and improvise their lines. They sing, or chant, an unvarying melody, with intervals between stanzas to give the singers time to prepare the next verse.〔Sublette, Ned 2004. ''Cuba and its music: from the first drums to the mambo''. Chicago. p91〕 Early compositions were sometimes recorded in print, as were the names of some of the singer/composers.〔''La lira criolla, guarachas, conciones, décimasy cantares de la guerra por un Vueltarribero''. 2nd augmented edition, La Habana 1897.〕 Beginning around 1935, punto reached a peak of popularity on Cuban radio. Nothing was done to record their work, but as it happens, a stenographer, ''Aida Bode'', was a fan of this genre, and she wrote down the verses as they were broadcast. Finally, in 1997, her transcriptions were published in book form.〔Bode Henrnández, German 1997. ''Décimas rescatadas del aire y del olvido''. La Habana. Sublette, ''Cuba and its music'', p489-9, tells the story.〕 Celina González and Albita both sang punto in the first part of their careers, proving that the genre is still alive, though perhaps moribund in its original form. Celina has one of the great voices in popular music, and her supporting group ''Campo Alegre'' is outstanding. For aficionados, however, Indio Naborí (''Sabio Jesús Orta Ruiz'', b. 30 September 1922) is the greatest name in punto, for his decima poetry, which he wrote daily for the radio and newspapers. He is also a published author, with several collections of his poetry, much of which has a political nueva trova edge.〔Indio Naborí and Ángel Valiente 1977. ''Décimas para la Historia. La controversia del siglo en verso improvisado''. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.〕 ==Types of punto== *''Punto pinareño (punto libre or vueltabajero):'' from the western province of Pinar del Río. A free style, with a fluent, melodic line, a slow tempo and a variable meter. *''Punto en clave (punto fijo:'' from the provinces of Camagüey and Las Villas. A fixed style with singer maintaining the same tempo and meter. *''Punto espirituano:'' from Sancti Spiritus province. *''Punto matancero:'' from Matanzas province. *''Punto seguidilla:'' "several stanzas (décimas) sung without interruption, to a tune which can at any time break off the song."〔Orovio, Helio 1981. ''Diccionario de la música cubana: biografico y tecnico. Havana.''. p314 (transl. contributor).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Punto guajiro」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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